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Updated 312-50v12 Dumps Questions For ECCouncil Exam

ECCouncil 312-50v12 exam is designed for individuals who have a strong understanding of computer systems, networks, and security concepts. 312-50v12 exam consists of 125 multiple-choice questions, and candidates are given four hours to complete it. To pass the exam, candidates must score at least 70%. 312-50v12 exam is conducted online and can be taken from anywhere in the world.

The CEH 312-50v12 exam consists of 125 questions and the candidates are given four hours to complete the exam. The questions are multiple choice and the exam is computer-based. The questions cover topics such as information security management, vulnerability assessment, penetration testing, and network security. The candidates have to score at least 70% to pass the exam and become a certified ethical hacker.

The CEH certification is an excellent way for professionals to demonstrate their commitment to the field of cybersecurity and stand out in a competitive job market. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification program offers numerous benefits, including access to a global network of cybersecurity professionals, recognition of expertise by employers and clients, and opportunities for career advancement. Additionally, the CEH certification provides professionals with the skills and knowledge they need to protect their organizations from cyber threats and stay ahead of emerging trends in cybersecurity.

 

NEW QUESTION # 182
During the enumeration phase. Lawrence performs banner grabbing to obtain information such as OS details and versions of services running. The service that he enumerated runs directly on TCP port 445.
Which of the following services is enumerated by Lawrence in this scenario?

• A. Telnet
• B. Server Message Block (SMB)
• C. Network File System (NFS)
• D. Remote procedure call (RPC)

Answer: B

Explanation:
Worker Message Block (SMB) is an organization document sharing and information texture convention. SMB is utilized by billions of gadgets in a different arrangement of working frameworks, including Windows, MacOS, iOS , Linux, and Android. Customers use SMB to get to information on workers. This permits sharing of records, unified information the board, and brought down capacity limit needs for cell phones. Workers additionally use SMB as a feature of the Software-characterized Data Center for outstanding burdens like grouping and replication.
Since SMB is a far off record framework, it requires security from assaults where a Windows PC may be fooled into reaching a pernicious worker running inside a confided in organization or to a far off worker outside the organization edge. Firewall best practices and arrangements can upgrade security keeping malevolent traffic from leaving the PC or its organization.
For Windows customers and workers that don't have SMB shares, you can obstruct all inbound SMB traffic utilizing the Windows Defender Firewall to keep far off associations from malignant or bargained gadgets. In the Windows Defender Firewall, this incorporates the accompanying inbound principles.

You should also create a new blocking rule to override any other inbound firewall rules. Use the following suggested settings for any Windows clients or servers that do not host SMB Shares:
* Name: Block all inbound SMB 445
* Description: Blocks all inbound SMB TCP 445 traffic. Not to be applied to domain controllers or computers that host SMB shares.
* Action: Block the connection
* Programs: All
* Remote Computers: Any
* Protocol Type: TCP
* Local Port: 445
* Remote Port: Any
* Profiles: All
* Scope (Local IP Address): Any
* Scope (Remote IP Address): Any
* Edge Traversal: Block edge traversal
You must not globally block inbound SMB traffic to domain controllers or file servers. However, you can restrict access to them from trusted IP ranges and devices to lower their attack surface. They should also be restricted to Domain or Private firewall profiles and not allow Guest/Public traffic.

NEW QUESTION # 183
Security administrator John Smith has noticed abnormal amounts of traffic coming from local computers at night. Upon reviewing, he finds that user data have been exfilltrated by an attacker. AV tools are unable to find any malicious software, and the IDS/IPS has not reported on any non-whitelisted programs, what type of malware did the attacker use to bypass the company's application whitelisting?

• A. Zero-day malware
• B. File-less malware
• C. Phishing malware
• D. Logic bomb malware

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/security-awareness/ransomware/what-is-fileless-malware.html

NEW QUESTION # 184
Websites and web portals that provide web services commonly use the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP).
Which of the following is an incorrect definition or characteristics of the protocol?

• A. Only compatible with the application protocol HTTP
• B. Provides a structured model for messaging
• C. Exchanges data between web services
• D. Based on XML

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 185
Attempting an injection attack on a web server based on responses to True/False

• A. Compound SQLi
• B. Blind SQLi
• C. Classic SQLi
• D. DMS-specific SQLi

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection#Blind_SQL_injection
Blind SQL injection is used when a web application is vulnerable to an SQL injection but the results of the injection are not visible to the attacker. The page with the vulnerability may not be one that displays data but will display differently depending on the results of a logical statement injected into the legitimate SQL statement called for that page. This type of attack has traditionally been considered time-intensive because a new statement needed to be crafted for each bit recovered, and depending on its structure, the attack may consist of many unsuccessful requests. Recent advancements have allowed each request to recover multiple bits, with no unsuccessful requests, allowing for more consistent and efficient extraction.

NEW QUESTION # 186
Which Metasploit Framework tool can help penetration tester for evading Anti-virus Systems?

• A. msfpayload
• B. msfcli
• C. msfencode
• D. msfd

Answer: C

Explanation:
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfencode/
One of the best ways to avoid being stopped by antivirus software is to encode our payload with msfencode. Msfencode is a useful tool that alters the code in an executable so that it looks different to antivirus software but will still run the same way. Much as the binary attachment in email is encoded in Base64, msfencode encodes the original executable in a new binary. Then, when the executable is run, msfencode decodes the original code into memory and exe-cutes it.
Incorrect answers:
msfpayload
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfpayload/
MSFpayload is a command line instance of Metasploit that is used to generate and output all of the various types of shellcode that are available in Metasploit. The most common use of this tool is for the generation of shellcode for an exploit that is not currently in the Metasploit Framework or for testing different types of shellcode and options before finalizing an Exploit Module.
msfcli
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfcli/
The msfcli provides a powerful command line interface to the framework. This allows you to easily add Metasploit exploits into any scripts you may create.

NEW QUESTION # 187
Upon establishing his new startup, Tom hired a cloud service provider (CSP) but was dissatisfied with their service and wanted to move to another CSP.
What part of the contract might prevent him from doing so?

• A. Lock-in
• B. Lock-up
• C. Lock-down
• D. Virtualization

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 188
Which of the following options represents a conceptual characteristic of an anomaly-based IDS over a signature-based IDS?

• A. Requires vendor updates for a new threat
• B. Produces less false positives
• C. Cannot deal with encrypted network traffic
• D. Can identify unknown attacks

Answer: D

Explanation:
An anomaly-based intrusion detection system is an intrusion detection system for detecting both network and computer intrusions and misuse by monitoring system activity and classifying it as either normal or anomalous. The classification is based on heuristics or rules, rather than patterns or signatures, and attempts to detect any type of misuse that falls out of normal system operation. This is as opposed to signature-based systems, which can only detect attacks for which a signature has previously been created.
In order to positively identify attack traffic, the system must be taught to recognize normal system activity. The two phases of a majority of anomaly detection systems consist of the training phase (where a profile of normal behaviors is built) and the testing phase (where current traffic is compared with the profile created in the training phase). Anomalies are detected in several ways, most often with artificial intelligence type techniques. Systems using artificial neural networks have been used to great effect. Another method is to define what normal usage of the system comprises using a strict mathematical model, and flag any deviation from this as an attack. This is known as strict anomaly detection.[3] Other techniques used to detect anomalies include data mining methods, grammar-based methods, and the Artificial Immune System.
Network-based anomalous intrusion detection systems often provide a second line of defense to detect anomalous traffic at the physical and network layers after it has passed through a firewall or other security appliance on the border of a network. Host-based anomalous intrusion detection systems are one of the last layers of defense and reside on computer endpoints. They allow for fine-tuned, granular protection of endpoints at the application level.
Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection at both the network and host levels have a few shortcomings; namely a high false-positive rate and the ability to be fooled by a correctly delivered attack. Attempts have been made to address these issues through techniques used by PAYL and MCPAD.

NEW QUESTION # 189
You have successfully logged on a Linux system. You want to now cover your trade Your login attempt may be logged on several files located in /var/log. Which file does NOT belongs to the list:

• A. auth.fesg
• B. btmp
• C. user.log
• D. wtmp

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 190
Identify the UDP port that Network Time Protocol (NTP) uses as its primary means of communication?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
NTP is intended to synchronize all participating computers within a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). It uses the intersection algorithm, a modified version of Marzullo's algorithm, to select accurate time servers and is designed to mitigate variable network latency effects. NTP can usually maintain time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet and achieve better than one millisecond accuracy in local area networks. Asymmetric routes and network congestion can cause errors of 100 ms or more.
The protocol is usually described in terms of a client-server model but can easily be used in peer-to-peer relationships where both peers consider the other to be a potential time source. Implementations send and receive timestamps using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port number 123.
Incorrect answers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
19 - Character Generator Protocol (CHARGEN)
177 - X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP)
161 - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

NEW QUESTION # 191
Which of the following steps for risk assessment methodology refers to vulnerability identification?

• A. Determines risk probability that vulnerability will be exploited (High. Medium, Low)
• B. Assigns values to risk probabilities; Impact values.
• C. Determines if any flaws exist in systems, policies, or procedures
• D. Identifies sources of harm to an IT system. (Natural, Human. Environmental)

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 192
You want to do an ICMP scan on a remote computer using hping2. What is the proper syntax?

• A. hping2 --set-ICMP host.domain.com
• B. hping2 host.domain.com
• C. hping2 -i host.domain.com
• D. hping2 -1 host.domain.com

Answer: D

Explanation:
http://www.carnal0wnage.com/papers/LSO-Hping2-Basics.pdf
Most ping programs use ICMP echo requests and wait for echo replies to come back to test connectivity. Hping2 allows us to do the same testing using any IP packet, including ICMP, UDP, and TCP. This can be helpful since nowadays most firewalls or routers block ICMP. Hping2, by default, will use TCP, but, if you still want to send an ICMP scan, you can. We send ICMP scans using the -1 (one) mode. Basically the syntax will be hping2 -1 IPADDRESS
[root@localhost hping2-rc3]# hping2 -1 192.168.0.100
HPING 192.168.0.100 (eth0 192.168.0.100): icmp mode set, 28 headers + 0 data bytes len=46 ip=192.168.0.100 ttl=128 id=27118 icmp_seq=0 rtt=14.9 ms len=46 ip=192.168.0.100 ttl=128 id=27119 icmp_seq=1 rtt=0.5 ms len=46 ip=192.168.0.100 ttl=128 id=27120 icmp_seq=2 rtt=0.5 ms len=46 ip=192.168.0.100 ttl=128 id=27121 icmp_seq=3 rtt=1.5 ms len=46 ip=192.168.0.100 ttl=128 id=27122 icmp_seq=4 rtt=0.9 ms
- 192.168.0.100 hping statistic -
5 packets tramitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.5/3.7/14.9 ms
[root@localhost hping2-rc3]#

NEW QUESTION # 193
Peter extracts the SIDs list from Windows 2000 Server machine using the hacking tool "SIDExtractor". Here is the output of the SIDs:

From the above list identify the user account with System Administrator privileges.

• A. John
• B. Rebecca
• C. Micah
• D. Sheela
• E. Somia
• F. Shawn
• G. Chang

Answer: G

NEW QUESTION # 194
What hacking attack is challenge/response authentication used to prevent?

• A. Scanning attacks
• B. Session hijacking attacks
• C. Replay attacks
• D. Password cracking attacks

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 195
After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?

• A. The service is LDAP. and you must change it to 636. which is LDPAPS.
• B. The service is NTP. and you have to change It from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it
• C. The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions.
• D. The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME. which is an encrypted way to send emails.

Answer: A

Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol
LDAP, the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is a mature, flexible, and well supported standards-based mechanism for interacting with directory servers. It's often used for authentication and storing information about users, groups, and applications, but an LDAP directory server is a fairly general-purpose data store and can be used in a wide variety of applications.
The LDAP protocol can deal in quite a bit of sensitive data: Active Directory usernames, login attempts, failed-login notifications, and more. If attackers get ahold of that data in flight, they might be able to compromise data like legitimate AD credentials and use it to poke around your network in search of valuable assets.
Encrypting LDAP traffic in flight across the network can help prevent credential theft and other malicious activity, but it's not a failsafe-and if traffic is encrypted, your own team might miss the signs of an attempted attack in progress.
While LDAP encryption isn't standard, there is a nonstandard version of LDAP called Secure LDAP, also known as "LDAPS" or "LDAP over SSL" (SSL, or Secure Socket Layer, being the now-deprecated ancestor of Transport Layer Security).
LDAPS uses its own distinct network port to connect clients and servers. The default port for LDAP is port 389, but LDAPS uses port 636 and establishes TLS/SSL upon connecting with a client.

NEW QUESTION # 196
Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?

• A. Whisker
• B. Hydra
• C. Burp
• D. tcpsplice

Answer: A

Explanation:
«Many IDS reassemble communication streams; hence, if a packet is not received within a reasonable period, many IDS stop reassembling and handling that stream. If the application under attack keeps a session active for a longer time than that spent by the IDS on reassembling it, the IDS will stop. As a result, any session after the IDS stops reassembling the sessions will be susceptible to malicious data theft by attackers. The IDS will not log any attack attempt after a successful splicing attack. Attackers can use tools such as Nessus for session splicing attacks.» Did you know that the EC-Council exam shows how well you know their official book? So, there is no "Whisker" in it. In the chapter "Evading IDS" -> "Session Splicing", the recommended tool for performing a session-splicing attack is Nessus. Where Wisker came from is not entirely clear, but I will assume the author of the question found it while copying Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system_evasion_techniques One basic technique is to split the attack payload into multiple small packets so that the IDS must reassemble the packet stream to detect the attack. A simple way of splitting packets is by fragmenting them, but an adversary can also simply craft packets with small payloads. The 'whisker' evasion tool calls crafting packets with small payloads 'session splicing'.
By itself, small packets will not evade any IDS that reassembles packet streams. However, small packets can be further modified in order to complicate reassembly and detection. One evasion technique is to pause between sending parts of the attack, hoping that the IDS will time out before the target computer does. A second evasion technique is to send the packets out of order, confusing simple packet re-assemblers but not the target computer.
NOTE: Yes, I found scraps of information about the tool that existed in 2012, but I can not give you unverified information. According to the official tutorials, the correct answer is Nessus, but if you know anything about Wisker, please write in the QA section. Maybe this question will be updated soon, but I'm not sure about that.

NEW QUESTION # 197
Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?

• A. ARP Poisoning
• B. Mac Flooding
• C. Password Sniffing
• D. DHCP Sniffing

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 198
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the
"dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server.
What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?

• A. Denial of service
• B. Directory traversal
• C. SQL injection
• D. Cross-site scripting

Answer: B

Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker. Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogs and execute orders outside of the web worker's root registry.
Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
* Access Control Lists (ACLs)
* Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker's manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights.
The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept. Clients can't get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:\Inetpub\wwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn't approach C:\Windows yet approaches C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\news and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:\WINDOWS/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages.
This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework.
What an assailant can do if your site is defenselessWith a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with "the site". Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application codeIn web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1
Host: test.webarticles.com
With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server's file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com This will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it to the user.
The expression ../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as an operating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to find the Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web serverApart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks. The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server.
The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks. Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET
http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\ HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C:\ directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c:\ in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character \.
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through.
Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.

NEW QUESTION # 199
Joseph was the Web site administrator for the Mason Insurance in New York, who's main Web site was located at www.masonins.com. Joseph uses his laptop computer regularly to administer the Web site. One night, Joseph received an urgent phone call from his friend, Smith. According to Smith, the main Mason Insurance web site had been vandalized! All of its normal content was removed and replaced with an attacker's message ''Hacker Message: You are dead! Freaks!" From his office, which was directly connected to Mason Insurance's internal network, Joseph surfed to the Web site using his laptop. In his browser, the Web site looked completely intact.
No changes were apparent. Joseph called a friend of his at his home to help troubleshoot the problem. The Web site appeared defaced when his friend visited using his DSL connection. So, while Smith and his friend could see the defaced page, Joseph saw the intact Mason Insurance web site. To help make sense of this problem, Joseph decided to access the Web site using hisdial-up ISP. He disconnected his laptop from the corporate internal network and used his modem to dial up the same ISP used by Smith. After his modem connected, he quickly typed www.masonins.com in his browser to reveal the following web page:

After seeing the defaced Web site, he disconnected his dial-up line, reconnected to the internal network, and used Secure Shell (SSH) to log in directly to the Web server. He ran Tripwire against the entire Web site, and determined that every system file and all the Web content on the server were intact. How did the attacker accomplish this hack?

• A. DNS poisoning
• B. Routing table injection
• C. SQL injection
• D. ARP spoofing

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 200
Let's imagine three companies (A, B and C), all competing in a challenging global environment. Company A and B are working together in developing a product that will generate a major competitive advantage for them. Company A has a secure DNS server while company B has a DNS server vulnerable to spoofing. With a spoofing attack on the DNS server of company B, company C gains access to outgoing e-mails from company B.
How do you prevent DNS spoofing?

• A. Install DNS Anti-spoofing
• B. Disable DNS Zone Transfer
• C. Install DNS logger and track vulnerable packets
• D. Disable DNS timeouts

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 201
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