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Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 19
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows partial outputs from two routing debug commands.
Why is the port 2 default route not in the second command output?
- A. The port1 default route has a higher priority value than the default route using port2.
- B. The port2 interlace is disabled in the FortiGate configuration.
- C. The port1default route has a lower priority value than the default route using port2.
- D. The port1 default route has a lower distance than the default route using port2-
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Routing Table Analysis:
* The first command output (get router info routing-table database) shows two default routes:
* One viaport1with a distance of10.
* One viaport2with a distance of20.
* The second command output (get router info routing-table all) only shows the route viaport1.
* Administrative Distance:
* The administrative distance (AD) is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the distance, the more preferred the route.
* In this scenario, the route viaport1has a lower distance (10) compared to the route viaport2(20), making it the preferred route.
* Route Selection:
* Since the route viaport1has a lower distance, it is the only one installed in the active routing table, which is why it appears in the second command output, and theport2route does not.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Routing behavior depending on distance and priority(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet GURU: Route priority and administrative distance explanations(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 20
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a BGP debug command.
Which statement explains why the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer is Connect?
- A. The router 10.200.3.1 has authentication configured for BGP and the local router does not.
- B. The local router has a different AS number than the remote peer.
- C. The local router is receiving BGP keepalives from the remote peer, but the local peer has not received the OpenConf inn yet.
- D. The local router initiated the BGP session to 10.200.3.1 but did not receive a response.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The BGP summary output shows the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer as "Connect." This state indicates that the local router has attempted to initiate a BGP session with the peer, but the peer has not yet responded to the initial connection request.
* State Explanation: The "Connect" state in BGP indicates that the TCP connection has been initiated but
* is waiting for a response. If the peer does not respond within the configured timers, the session will transition to the "Active" state and retry the connection.
* Possible Causes: This can occur due to network issues preventing the peer from responding, a misconfiguration on the peer device, or issues like access control lists (ACLs) blocking the BGP traffic.
To troubleshoot, check the connectivity between the routers, ensure that the BGP configurations on both sides match, and verify that there are no firewalls or ACLs blocking the BGP packets.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on BGP Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community Discussion on BGP State Issues
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)
- A. Some of them display real-time application debugs.
- B. Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.
- C. Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.
- D. Some of them can be used to restart an application.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 22 
Refer to the exhibits, which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for internet traffic from a user on the internal network.
If the priority on route ID _ were changed from 10 to 0, what would happen to traffic matching that user session?
- A. The session would be deleted, and the client would need to start a new session.
- B. The session would remain in the session table, and itstraffic would egress from port1.
- C. The session would remain in the session table, but its trafficwould now egress from both port1.andport2.
- D. The session would remain in the session table, and its traffic would egress from port2.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The exhibits show the configuration of static routes and a session table entry for an active session. The static routes are configured with different priorities:
* Route throughport1with a gateway of10.200.1.254and priority5.
* Route throughport2with a gateway of10.200.2.254and priority10.
If the priority of the route throughport2is changed from10to0, this route will become more preferred than the route throughport1because lower priority values indicate higher preference. As a result, the traffic for the existing session will switch to using the more preferred route:
* The session would remain active in the session table, as FortiGate does not immediately clear sessions upon route changes unless explicitly configured to do so.
* The traffic for the session would then start egressing fromport2, which now has the higher priority route due to its lower priority value.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Routing Configuration
* Fortinet Community on Session Handling
NEW QUESTION # 23 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FSSO is using DC agent mode to detect logon events.
- B. FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events.
- C. The logon event can be seen on the collector agent installed on Windows.
- D. The workstation with IP 10.124.2.90 will be polled frequently using TCP port 445 to see if the user is still logged on
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
* Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.
* DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.
References:
* Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 24
What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)
- A. You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.
- B. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.
- C. An automation stitch configured to execute actions sequentially can take parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.
- D. You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* Automation Stitches Overview:
* Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.
* Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:
* Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.
* Sequential Execution with Parameters:
* When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflowsand automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS(Hammertux)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is the diagnosetest applicationipsmonitor 5 command used for?
- A. To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- B. To disable the IPS engine
- C. To enable IPS bypass mode
- D. To provide information regarding IPS sessions
Answer: A
Explanation:
The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
* Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
* This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionstat. Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
- A. 162 sessions have been deleted because of memory page exhaustion.
- B. AII the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.
- C. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.
- D. There are two sessions that have not been removed in case of any out-of-order packets that arrive.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 27
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator is attempting to advertise the network configured on port3. However, FGT-A is not receiving the prefix.
Which two actions can the administrator take to fix this problem'' (Choose two.)
- A. Restart BGP using a soft reset, which forces both peers to exchange their complete BGP routing tables.
- B. Manually add the BGP route on FGT-A.
- C. Modify the prefix using the network command from 172.16.0.0/16 to 172.16.54.0724.
- D. Use the set network-import-check disable command.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* Soft Reset of BGP:
* Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being
* received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.
* This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.
* Network Import Check:
* Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.
* Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.
* The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.
* BGP Configuration Verification:
* Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network
172.16.54.0/24.
* Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate(Fortinet Document Library).
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which three conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.)
- A. OSPF link costs match.
- B. OSPF interface network types match
- C. OSPF interface priority settings are unique
- D. OSPF router IDs are unique.
- E. Authentication settings match.
Answer: B,D,E
Explanation:
* OSPF Interface Network Types:
* The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network
* types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
* Authentication Settings:
* Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
* OSPF Router IDs:
* Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.
* Link Costs and Interface Priority:
* While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* OSPF Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 29
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a real-time debug.
Which statement about this output is true?
- A. FortiGate found the requested URL in its local cache.
- B. This web request was inspected using the rtgd-allowweb filter profile.
- C. The server hostname was extracted from the SNI in the client request, or from the CN in the server certificate
- D. The requested URL belongs to category ID 255.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.
* SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.
* CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.
Given that the debug output includes the hostname "training.fortinet.com," it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging
NEW QUESTION # 30
Refer to the exhibit. whichcontains the output of diagnose vpn tunnellist.
Which command will capture ESP traffic for the VPN named DialUp_0?
- A. diagnose sniffer packet any 'ip proto 50'
- B. diagnose sniffer packet any 'host10.0.10.10'
- C. diagnose sniffer packet any 'port 4500'
- D. diagnose sniffer packet any 'esp and host 10*200.3.2'
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Capturing ESP Traffic:
* ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) traffic is associated with IPsec and is identified by the protocol number 50. To capture ESP traffic, you need to filter packets based on this protocol.
* In this specific case, you also need to filter for the host associated with the VPN tunnel, which is
10.200.3.2as indicated in the exhibit.
* Sniffer Command:
* The correct command to capture ESP traffic for the VPN namedDialUp_0is:
diagnose sniffer packet any 'espandhost10.200.3.2'
* This command ensures that only ESP packets to and from the specified host are captured, providing a focused and relevant data set for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 31
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
- B. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
- C. Modify the default gateway on thelaptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
- D. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Current Configuration Analysis:
* The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
* However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
* Required Configuration:
* To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
* The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Steps to Configure:
* Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
* Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
* Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 32
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains partial output from an IKE real-time debug.
The administrator does not have access to the remote gateway.
Based on the debug output, which configuration change can the administrator make to the local gateway to resolve the phase 1 negotiation error?
- A. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AES128-SHA128 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- B. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AES256-SHA256 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- C. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AESCBC-SHA2 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- D. In the phase 1 network configuration, set the IKE version to 2.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Analyzing Debug Output:
* The debug output shows multiple proposals with encryption algorithms likeAES CBCand hashing algorithms likeSHA256.
* The negotiation failure (no SA proposal chosen) suggests that there is a mismatch in the encryption or hashing algorithms between the local and remote gateways.
* Configuration Change:
* To resolve the phase 1 negotiation error, the local gateway needs to include a compatible proposal.
* AddingAES256-SHA256to the phase 1 proposal configuration ensures that both gateways have a matching set of encryption and hashing algorithms.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring IPsec Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IKE Negotiation Failures(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 33
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiOS is able to locate the user in step 3 (Bind Request) of the LDAP authentication process.
- B. The name of the configured LDAP server is Lab.
- C. The user is authenticating using CN=John Smith.
- D. FortiOS is performing the second step (Search Request) in the LDAP authentication process.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication involves several steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and Bind Response.
* The Bind Request is used to authenticate the client to the LDAP server.
* The Search Request is used to find the directory entry that matches the provided criteria.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows a real-time LDAP debug output.
* The debug log includes a successful resolution of the LDAP FQDN, indicating that the LDAP server was reached.
* The debug log also shows the start of a search using the distinguished name (DN) base and a filter to locate the userjsmith.
* Conclusion:
* Since FortiOS successfully resolved the LDAP server and initiated a search for the userjsmith, it indicates that the LDAP server was located, and the search request was performed.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding LDAP authentication steps and troubleshooting(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: LDAP integration and debugging in FortiOS(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 34
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionlist.
If the HA ID for the primary device is0. what happens if the primary failsand the secondary becomes the primary?
- A. The session state is preserved but the kernel will need to re-evaluate the session because NAT was applied.
- B. Traffic for this session continues to be permitted on the new primary device after failover. without requiring the client to restart the session with the server.
- C. The session will be removed from the session table of the secondary device because of the presence of allowed errorpackets, which will force the client to restart the session with the server.
- D. The secondary device has this session synchronized; however, because application control is applied, the session is marked dirty and has to be re-evaluated after failover.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Session Synchronization:
* FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.
* Handling NAT Sessions:
* The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry.
FortiGate's HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.
* Session Preservation:
* Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover
* Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA
NEW QUESTION # 35
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